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| Radiation |
Source |
Machine |
Energy |
LT |
LTcutoff |
yF |
Dose |
Dose ranged |
Linear term (×10-4/cGy) |
Quadratic term (×10-6/cGy2) |
Authors |
Microdose |
σ=Dics/cell/path |
| E (keV) |
(keV/μm)b |
(keV/μm)b |
(keV/μm)c |
points |
tested (cGy) |
α |
± |
(S.E.) |
β |
± |
(S.E.) |
ε (cGy) |
σ |
± |
SE |
| γ-rays |
60Co |
TMDU TeleCo (0.5-0.38Gy/min) |
1250 |
0.276 |
0.163 |
0.26 |
5 |
30-300 |
0.894 |
± |
0.810 |
6.998 |
± |
1.032 |
Sasaki 1971 |
0.276 |
8.943E-01 |
± |
8.099E-01 |
|
60Co |
KUR gamma (9-152rad/min) |
1250 |
0.276 |
0.163 |
0.26 |
7 |
11.8-314.5 |
1.664 |
± |
1.129 |
5.531 |
± |
0.467 |
Sasaki 1978, Sasaki et al. 1989 |
0.276 |
1.664E+00 |
± |
1.129E+00 |
|
60Co |
TMDU Gamma (1rad/h) |
1250 |
0.276 |
0.163 |
0.26 |
9 |
37.8-290.8 |
1.475 |
± |
0.585 |
5.105 |
± |
0.227 |
Sasaki 1978, Sasaki et al. 1989 |
0.276 |
1.475E+00 |
± |
5.850E-01 |
|
60Co |
KINKI Low dose rate |
1250 |
0.276 |
0.163 |
0.26 |
7 |
1.29-50.9 |
0.551 |
± |
0.331 |
2.874 |
± |
0.826 |
Sasaki 1978, Sasaki et al. 1989 |
0.276 |
5.514E-01 |
± |
3.309E-01 |
|
60Co |
50 rad/min |
1250 |
0.276 |
0.163 |
0.26 |
7 |
0-250 |
0.603 |
± |
0.866 |
5.027 |
± |
0.462 |
Bauchinger et al. 1979 |
0.276 |
6.030E-01 |
± |
8.660E-01 |
|
60Co |
1.7 rad/min |
1250 |
0.276 |
0.163 |
0.26 |
8 |
0-300 |
2.520 |
± |
0.501 |
2.959 |
± |
0.239 |
Bauchinger et al. 1979 |
0.276 |
2.520E+00 |
± |
5.010E-01 |
|
60Co |
50 rad/min |
1250 |
0.276 |
0.163 |
0.26 |
8 |
5-400 |
1.285 |
± |
0.465 |
5.478 |
± |
0.166 |
Bauchinger et al. 1983 |
0.276 |
1.285E+00 |
± |
4.650E-01 |
|
60Co |
1.7 rad/min |
1250 |
0.276 |
0.163 |
0.26 |
8 |
5-400 |
1.118 |
± |
0.406 |
4.092 |
± |
0.146 |
Bauchinger et al. 1983 |
0.276 |
1.118E+00 |
± |
4.060E-01 |
|
60Co |
50 rad/min |
1250 |
0.276 |
0.163 |
0.26 |
5 |
25-300 |
1.833 |
± |
0.577 |
4.729 |
± |
0.313 |
Lloyd et al. 1975, 1986 |
0.276 |
1.833E+00 |
± |
5.770E-01 |
|
60Co |
18 rad/min |
1250 |
0.276 |
0.163 |
0.26 |
5 |
25-400 |
1.229 |
± |
0.609 |
3.782 |
± |
0.250 |
Lloyd et al. 1975, 1986 |
0.276 |
1.229E+00 |
± |
6.090E-01 |
|
60Co |
Conventional (Dic+)(240rad/min) |
1250 |
0.276 |
0.163 |
0.26 |
11 |
0-500 |
1.299 |
± |
0.317 |
5.388 |
± |
0.242 |
Lindholm el al. 1998 |
0.276 |
1.299E+00 |
± |
3.170E-01 |
|
60Co |
0.5 Gy/min |
1250 |
0.276 |
0.163 |
0.26 |
|
50-500 |
0.930 |
± |
1.160 |
5.830 |
± |
0.500 |
Vulpis et al. 1986 |
0.276 |
9.300E-01 |
± |
1.160E+00 |
|
60Co |
|
1250 |
0.276 |
0.163 |
0.26 |
7 |
0-200 |
2.765 |
± |
1.073 |
4.392 |
± |
0.850 |
Fabby et al. 1985 |
0.276 |
2.765E+00 |
± |
1.073E+00 |
|
137Cs |
High dose rate |
662 |
0.403 |
0.243 |
0.37 |
9 |
0-400 |
1.422 |
± |
0.328 |
4.662 |
± |
0.163 |
Schmid et al. 1992 |
0.403 |
1.422E+00 |
± |
3.280E-01 |
|
137Cs |
49.6 rad/min |
662 |
0.403 |
0.243 |
0.37 |
8 |
5-400 |
2.507 |
± |
0.422 |
4.986 |
± |
0.274 |
Takahashi et al 1979, 1982 |
0.403 |
2.507E+00 |
± |
4.220E-01 |
|
137Cs |
17.1 rad/h |
662 |
0.403 |
0.243 |
0.37 |
4 |
100-400 |
2.235 |
± |
2.824 |
1.713 |
± |
0.827 |
Takahashi et al. 1979 |
0.403 |
2.235E+00 |
± |
2.824E+00 |
|
137Cs |
9.9 rad/min |
662 |
0.403 |
0.243 |
0.37 |
5 |
0-400 |
7.929 |
± |
5.619 |
5.427 |
± |
1.669 |
Doggett and McKenzie 1983 |
0.403 |
7.929E+00 |
± |
5.619E+00 |
|
137Cs |
1.2 Gy/min |
662 |
0.403 |
0.243 |
0.37 |
7 |
0-300 |
1.829 |
± |
0.995 |
5.426 |
± |
0.395 |
Sasaki 2003 |
0.403 |
1.829E+00 |
± |
9.950E-01 |
| X-rays |
6MeV Linac |
UCLA 6 MeV Linac |
1900 |
0.233 |
0.133 |
0.19 |
9 |
15-600 |
0.207 |
± |
0.254 |
4.655 |
± |
0.247 |
Norman and Sasaki 1966 |
0.233 |
2.070E-01 |
± |
2.540E-01 |
|
4.5MeV Linac |
TMDU 4.5MeV Linac |
1500 |
0.255 |
0.149 |
0.20 |
5 |
50-300 |
0.282 |
± |
0.452 |
4.526 |
± |
0.298 |
Sasaki 2003 |
0.255 |
2.820E-01 |
± |
4.520E-01 |
|
250 kV |
1.2 mmCu HVL |
90 |
3.220 |
2.184 |
1.23 |
8 |
0-400 |
3.572 |
± |
1.472 |
10.884 |
± |
0.895 |
Prosser et al. 1979 |
3.220 |
3.572E+00 |
± |
1.472E+00 |
|
250 kV |
1.2 mmCu HVL |
90 |
3.220 |
2.184 |
1.23 |
9 |
5-400 |
4.380 |
± |
0.398 |
6.925 |
± |
0.163 |
Lloyd et al. 1986 |
3.220 |
4.380E+00 |
± |
3.980E-01 |
|
220 kV |
2.76 mmCu HVL |
129.2 |
2.219 |
1.456 |
1.27 |
8 |
5-400 |
2.425 |
± |
0.413 |
4.287 |
± |
0.185 |
Schmid et al. 1984 |
2.219 |
2.425E+00 |
± |
4.130E-01 |
|
220 kV |
1.32 mmCu HVL |
94 |
3.093 |
2.085 |
1.24 |
9 |
5-400 |
4.223 |
± |
0.393 |
5.916 |
± |
0.128 |
Schmid et al. 1984 |
3.093 |
4.223E+00 |
± |
3.930E-01 |
|
200 kV |
TMDU |
97.4 |
2.991 |
2.007 |
1.25 |
4 |
20-150 |
1.798 |
± |
1.148 |
1.196 |
± |
1.373 |
Sasaki et al. 1989 |
2.991 |
1.798E+00 |
± |
1.148E+00 |
|
150 kV |
Target=W, 0.7 mmCu HVL |
70 |
3.778 |
2.596 |
1.15 |
6 |
0-463 |
1.605 |
± |
0.397 |
8.322 |
± |
1.554 |
Virsik 1977 |
3.778 |
1.605E+00 |
± |
3.970E-01 |
|
150 kV |
Target=W |
70 |
3.778 |
2.596 |
1.15 |
7 |
0-300 |
5.302 |
± |
0.522 |
9.177 |
± |
0.461 |
Guerrero-Carbajal et al. 2003 |
3.778 |
5.302E+00 |
± |
5.220E-01 |
|
80 kV |
Target=W |
58 |
3.927 |
2.700 |
1.03 |
9 |
0-218.8 |
4.298 |
± |
0.442 |
7.121 |
± |
0.588 |
Guerrero-Carbajal et al. 2003 |
3.927 |
4.298E+00 |
± |
4.420E-01 |
|
60 kV |
Target=W |
48 |
3.786 |
2.624 |
1.19 |
7 |
0-153 |
4.598 |
± |
0.503 |
2.618 |
± |
0.434 |
Regulla et al. 2001 |
3.786 |
4.598E+00 |
± |
5.030E-01 |
|
50 kV |
RBC, Kyoto U. |
11.9 |
3.780 |
2.606 |
3.55 |
9 |
22.33-275.62 |
14.060 |
± |
1.688 |
17.924 |
± |
1.117 |
Sasaki et al. 1989 |
3.780 |
1.406E+01 |
± |
1.688E+00 |
|
30 kV |
Target=Mo, 0.03 mmMo HVL |
17.4 |
3.089 |
2.088 |
2.63 |
5 |
17-257 |
9.907 |
± |
3.248 |
9.305 |
± |
1.700 |
Virsik 1977 |
3.089 |
9.907E+00 |
± |
3.248E+00 |
|
29 kV |
Target=Mo |
17.4 |
3.089 |
2.088 |
2.63 |
8 |
0-219.4 |
6.550 |
± |
0.970 |
3.510 |
± |
0.820 |
Schmid et al. 2002 |
3.089 |
6.550E+00 |
± |
9.700E-01 |
|
SOR |
Monochromatic |
40 |
3.459 |
2.387 |
1.37 |
6 |
0-131 |
2.380 |
± |
0.459 |
4.182 |
± |
0.613 |
Schmid et al. 2003 |
3.459 |
2.380E+00 |
± |
4.590E-01 |
|
SOR |
Monochromatic |
17.4 |
3.089 |
2.088 |
2.63 |
7 |
0-177 |
3.435 |
± |
0.244 |
5.254 |
± |
0.168 |
Schmid et al. 2003 |
3.089 |
3.435E+00 |
± |
2.440E-01 |
|
SOR |
Monochromatic |
17.4 |
3.089 |
2.088 |
2.63 |
6 |
0-197 |
3.765 |
± |
0.677 |
3.724 |
± |
1.147 |
Krumrey et al. 2004 |
3.089 |
3.765E+00 |
± |
6.770E-01 |
|
SOR |
0.085 nm |
14.6 |
3.375 |
2.293 |
3.02 |
8 |
33.1-273 |
7.873 |
± |
4.219 |
11.800 |
± |
2.483 |
Sasaki et al. 1989 |
3.375 |
7.873E+00 |
± |
4.219E+00 |
|
SOR |
0.1 nm |
12.4 |
3.690 |
2.535 |
3.44 |
5 |
45.3-267 |
6.949 |
± |
2.617 |
13.377 |
± |
1.249 |
Sasaki et al. 1989 |
3.690 |
6.949E+00 |
± |
2.617E+00 |
|
SOR |
Monochromatic |
10 |
4.232 |
2.952 |
4.13 |
7 |
0-201 |
6.654 |
± |
0.687 |
5.195 |
± |
0.398 |
Krumrey et al. 2004 |
4.232 |
6.654E+00 |
± |
6.870E-01 |
|
SORa |
Monochromatic |
6.90 |
5.583 |
3.945 |
5.64 |
7 |
0-184 |
8.183 |
± |
0.356 |
8.090 |
± |
0.331 |
Krumrey et al. 2004 |
5.583 |
8.183E+00 |
± |
3.560E-01 |
|
SORa |
0.18 nm |
6.89 |
5.590 |
3.949 |
5.67 |
5 |
35.1-240.3 |
21.989 |
± |
1.225 |
16.894 |
± |
0.824 |
Sasaki et al. 1989 |
5.590 |
2.199E+01 |
± |
1.225E+00 |
|
10 kV |
Target=Cr |
5.40 |
6.770 |
4.792 |
6.75 |
7 |
0-200 |
7.686 |
± |
0.814 |
1.299 |
± |
0.848 |
Roos and Schmid 1998 |
6.770 |
7.686E+00 |
± |
8.140E-01 |
|
SORa |
Monochromatic |
4.80 |
7.403 |
5.289 |
7.45 |
7 |
0-125 |
6.026 |
± |
0.927 |
9.533 |
± |
1.273 |
Krumrey et al. 2004 |
7.403 |
6.026E+00 |
± |
9.270E-01 |
|
SORa |
0.26 nm |
4.77 |
7.440 |
5.318 |
7.55 |
5 |
24.6-155 |
19.990 |
± |
2.131 |
12.818 |
± |
1.613 |
Sasaki et al. 1989 |
7.440 |
1.999E+01 |
± |
2.131E+00 |
|
SORa |
Monochromatic |
3.10 |
10.446 |
7.913 |
11.12 |
7 |
0-182 |
2.025 |
± |
0.480 |
3.007 |
± |
0.431 |
Krumrey et al. 2004 |
10.446 |
2.025E+00 |
± |
4.800E-01 |
|
SORa |
Monochromatic |
1.83 |
15.456 |
13.678 |
18.20 |
7 |
0-202 |
1.109 |
± |
0.480 |
0.507 |
± |
0.147 |
Krumrey et al. 2004 |
15.456 |
1.109E+00 |
± |
4.800E-01 |
| a) SOR: synchrotron orbit produced radiation. Soft X-rays with kinetic energy below 10 keVwere not included in the LET-effectiveness analysis because LET-α-term relationship is broken at 10 keV point (Sasaki et al., Int. J. Radiat. Biol., 45:79-91, 2006) |
| b) LT was calculated from electron (Compton and photoelectric) electron of CSDA range an ICRU mucle. |
| c) yF was estimated by the microdosimetric quantity (yF) of 0.96 μm cavity diameter of Kliauga and Dvorak (Kliauga and Dvorak, Radiat. Res., 73:1-20, 1978). For energy below 12 keV, LT was detemined by range of photoelectron. |
| d) Dose rage tested: The dose points used for curve fitting. Ddoses below 600 cGy were not included in curve fitting to L-Q model because the L-Q curve is significantly distorted at higher doses.. |
