Chernobyl NPP Accident: Residents and Evacuees (2) |
[7] Balarussian Children: Residents and Evacuees |
Scenario |
Shortly after the Chernobyl accident, blood samples were obtained from 38 children residing in three villages in Belarus (22 males and 16 females, mean age of 12.2 y), and 60 children (32 males and 28 females, mean age of 11.1 y) evacuated from 30km exclusion zone in Belarus. The chromosome aberration frequencies were compared with those of children in Minsk as controls. The dose-response relationship to be inferred was that for 60Co gamma-rays, i.e., Y(dics)=0.001+(0.02±0.003)D, where D is dose in Gy. |
Reference |
Mikhalevich, L. S., Lloyd, D. C., Edwards, A. A., Perepetskaya, G. A. and Kartel, N. A. (2000): Dose estimates made by dicentric analysis for some Belarussian children irradiated by the Chernobyl accident. Radiat. Prot. Dosimet., 87:109-114. |
Chromosome aberration analysis |
Place | Location | No. of | Sampling | No. of | No. of | Dics/100 cells | No. of | No. of excess | ||||
children | date | cells | dics | ±SE | centric rings | acentrics | ||||||
(i) | Residents in | |||||||||||
(a) Bragin | 50km N from Chernobyl | 15 | July 1986 | 3,900 | 21 | 0.385±0.118 | 0 | 197 | ||||
(b) Mikulichi | close to Bragin | 17 | Dec. 1986 | 4,250 | 26 | 0.612±0.120 | 1 | 137 | ||||
(c) Burki | close to Bragin | 6 | Dec. 1986 | 1,500 | 7 | 0.467±0.176 | 1 | 48 | ||||
(ii) | Evacuees from | |||||||||||
(a) Nudichi | <30km zone to Minsk | 22 | July 1986 | 6,600 | 53 | 0.803±0.110 | 4 | 148 | ||||
(b) Ilichi | <30km zone to Minsk | 13 | July 1986 | 3,900 | 38 | 0.974±0.158 | 3 | 64 | ||||
(c) Gluchovichi | <30km zone to Minsk | 11 | July 1986 | 3,300 | 41 | 1.242±0.194 | 3 | 85 | ||||
(d) Refalov | <30km zone to Minsk | 3 | July 1986 | 900 | 6 | 0.667±0.272 | 0 | 22 | ||||
(e) Kozelushtsy | <30km zone to Minsk | 6 | July 1986 | 1,800 | 12 | 0.667±0.192 | 0 | 65 | ||||
(f) Jasmentsy | <30km zone to Minsk | 3 | July 1986 | 900 | 9 | 1.000±0.333 | 0 | 5 | ||||
(g) Krug-Rulka | <30km zone to Minsk | 1 | July 1986 | 300 | 4 | 1.333±0.667 | 0 | 5 | ||||
(h) Gorodische | <30km zone to Minsk | 1 | July 1986 | 300 | 3 | 1.000±0.577 | 0 | 4 | ||||
(iii) | Minsk controls | 18 | 18,000 | 166 | 0.067±0.047 | 0 | 14 |
The cytogenetically estimated dose to the evacuees from the exclusion zone was higher than the physically calculated external gamma-ray dose (Likhtarev et al. Health Phys., 66:643-652, 1994). The authors suggest the involvement of early incorporation of short-lived fission products.
[8] Evacuees from Mozyr, Svetologorsk, Mogilev, Kiev; 1 week after the accident |
Scenario |
Industrial workers assigned by contracting companies of Federal Republic of Germany who had been present in the vicinity of Chernobyl at the time of accident and after. Blood sampling was made from the returnees from Mozyr, Svetlogorsk, Mogilev and Kiev during May 1986 (mostly 1 week after the accident) except for 2 Kiev returnees from whom sapling was made 1 year after the accident. |
Reference |
Stephan G. and Oestreicher, U. (1989): An increased frequency of structural chromosome aberrations in persons present in the vicinity of Chernobyl during and after the reactor accident. Is this effect caused by radiation exposure? Mutation Res., 223:7-12. |
Chromosome aberration analysis |
. | ||||||||
Place of | No. of | No. of | Aberrations per 100 cells | |||||
residence | persons | cells | Dic | Ace | cR | Cbr | ||
Control | 26 | 16,384 | 0.9 | 5.8 | 0 | 4.8 | ||
Mozyr | 2 | 2,074 | 5.8 | 16 | 0.5 | 10.1 | ||
Svetlogorsk-1 | 12 | 10,400 | 2.7 | 10.4 | 0 | 4.7 | ||
Svetlogorsk-2 | 11 | 9,651 | 2.1 | 9.2 | 0 | 4.4 | ||
Mogilev-1 | 27 | 26,080 | 3.3 | 12.5 | 0.04 | 5.8 | ||
Mogilev-2 | 23 | 22,173 | 2.6 | 11.8 | 0.04 | 5.5 | ||
Kiev | 3 | 3,014 | 3.0 | 7.0 | 0.33 | 5.0 | ||
. |
[9] Chernobyl: Evacuees from Prypiat |
Scenario |
Lymphocyte chromosome aberrations were studied in the evacuees from Prypiat in two groups (E1 and E2). E1 comprises 16 citizens of Prypiat (12 adults and 4 children). The departed from the city on either 28 or 28 April 1986, traveled by bus to Kiev and then to Kharkov by train. Blood samples were taken 2-8 days after departure from Prypiat. E2 comprises 27 citizen of Prypiat or residents of adjacent village (aged 17-48 y). They departed by the same route to Kharkov during 27 April and 5 May 1986. Blood sampling was made 7-12 months after they arrive at Kharkov. The authors concluded that the aberration frequencies were elevated in both groups compared with those in controls. Higher aberration frequencies in E2 compared with E1 could be due to longer stay in the contaminated area. |
Reference |
Maznik, N. A., Vinnikov, V. A., Lloyd, D. C. and Edwards, A. A. (1997): Chromosomal dosimetry for some groups of evacuees from Prypiat and Ukainian liquidators at Chernobyl. Radiat. Protect. Dosimet., 74:5-11. |
Chromosome aberration analysis |
. | ||||||||||||||||
Study | No. of | Sex | Age* | N. of | Chromosome aberrations | Distribution of dicentrics per 100 cells | ||||||||||
groups | persons | Male | Female | Adult | Children | cells | Dic | cR | xAce | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ||
[C] Controls | 30 | 24 | 6 | 30 (26-52) | 3,800 | 3 | 1 | 33 | ||||||||
[E1] Evacuees 1 | 16 | 10 | 6 | 32 (17-66) | 10 (3.5-15) | 1,395 | 15 | 0 | 27 | 2 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 0 | ||
[E2] Evacuees 2 | 27 | 14 | 13 | 30 (17-48) | 2,417 | 39 | 9 | 54 | 4 | 2 | 11 | 3 | 1 | |||
*) mean (range) | ||||||||||||||||
. |
[10] Chenobyl: Children (Padovani et al. 1993, 1997) |
Scenario |
Children from the contaminated areas of Belarus
and Russia came to Italy for 1 month stay of trip organized by the local
humanitarian organization; one for 41 Belarusian children in 1991-1992
and another for 31 Russian children in 1993-1994. During their stay in
Italy, whole-body counting (WBC) for 137Cs body burden and
chromosome aberration frequencies in lymphocytes were examined. |
Reference |
Padovani, L., Caporossi, D., Tedeschi, B.,
Vernole, P., Nicoletti, B. and Mauro, F. (1993): Cytogenetic study in lymphocytes
from children exposed to ionizing radiation after Chernobyl accident. Mutation
Res., 319:55-60. |
Chromosome aberration analysis |
. | |||||||||||||
[1] Belarussian children visited Italy and sampled in 1991-1992 (Padovani et al. 1993) | |||||||||||||
Group | Residents | Sex | Ground contamination level** | WBC | No. of | No. of | Chromosome aberrations per 1000 cells | ||||||
in Belarus | (M/F) | (137Cs Bq/km2) | (137Cs Bq) | children | cells | Ace | Dic | Tr | icd | ctb | |||
A | Navrovl'a | 4M;5F | 55-150×1010 | 460-2,795 | 9 | 5,000 | 4.8 | 0 | 0.4 | 11 | 12.8 | ||
B | Near the Chernobyl NPS* | 16M;8F | 4-40×1010 | 44-397 | 24 | 20,020 | 1.8 | 0 | 0.3 | 1 | 9.6 | ||
C | Stolin | 5M;3F | 4-55×1010 | 7,714-32,343 | 8 | 3,650 | 3 | 1 | 1.1 | 5 | 17 | ||
Controls | Healthy Italian children | 5M;5F | - | - | 10 | 10,000 | 0.3 | 0 | 0.3 | 2 | 22.4 | ||
*) Evacuated soon after the accident, and transferred to Gomel or Drujri, 200-300 km from Chernobyl where the ground contamination was 1-10 Ci/km2. | |||||||||||||
**) IAEA (1991): Surface contamination map (The International Chernobyl Project). International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna. | |||||||||||||
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[2] Russian children visited Italy and sampled in 1993-1994 (Padovani et al. 1997) | ||||||||||
Group | Children from | Sex | WBC | No. of | No. of | Chromosome aberrations per 100 cells | ||||
Russian Federation | (M/F) | (137Cs Bq) | children | cells | Ace+DM | Dic+cR | Tr | |||
A | Brianskya | 9M;15F | 780-30,000 | 24 | 13,813 | 0.35 | 0 | 0.15 | ||
B | Smolensk: residents in Pripjat at the time of accident but evacuated to Smolensk* | 1M;6F | <70-128 | 7 | 3,844 | 0.31 | 0 | 0.1 | ||
C | Uncontaminated area of Smolensk (Controls) | 5M;6F | <70 | 11 | 6,301 | 0.22 | 0 | 0.061 | ||
*) The children were living in Pripjat (Ukraine) at the time of the accident, but evacuated to Smolensk 36 hrs after the accident. | ||||||||||
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[11] Hungarian evacuees |
see RBC data