. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Uranium fission neutrons (UTR-Air), E(ave)=0.101 MeV |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Experimental system |
|
|
|
UTR-KINKI (1W reactor), Atomic Energy Institute, Kinki University |
|
|
UTR-Air: (No additional filter), Gamma contamination=46.7 % |
|
|
Materials: Human peripheral blood lymphocytes (whole blood irradiation) |
|
|
Experiment #1; 1987.09.16 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dose |
No. of |
Aberrations |
Distribution of cells with indicated number of aberrations |
|
|
(Gy) |
cells |
Tet |
Tri |
Dic |
Rc |
Ra |
aM |
F |
del |
S |
del |
Aber |
0 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
12 |
13 |
14 |
15 |
|
|
0 |
800 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
5 |
5 |
1 |
1 |
Dics |
800 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D+R |
800 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All |
794 |
6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.071 |
700 |
0 |
1 |
22 |
2 |
0 |
8 |
31 |
6 |
6 |
5 |
Dics |
679 |
19 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D+R |
678 |
19 |
2 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All |
666 |
26 |
5 |
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.217 |
500 |
0 |
2 |
50 |
8 |
3 |
10 |
74 |
15 |
27 |
25 |
Dics |
457 |
34 |
7 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D+R |
449 |
39 |
10 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All |
421 |
54 |
16 |
7 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.349 |
400 |
0 |
0 |
81 |
12 |
1 |
18 |
94 |
13 |
47 |
35 |
Dics |
329 |
62 |
8 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D+R |
324 |
60 |
14 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All |
288 |
77 |
23 |
11 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.569 |
400 |
1 |
9 |
138 |
29 |
2 |
33 |
189 |
14 |
60 |
50 |
Dics |
287 |
81 |
26 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D+R |
274 |
82 |
34 |
5 |
3 |
|
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All |
247 |
72 |
50 |
23 |
1 |
4 |
|
2 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.835 |
400 |
0 |
4 |
196 |
42 |
18 |
50 |
269 |
37 |
97 |
84 |
Dics |
253 |
99 |
41 |
6 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D+R |
225 |
113 |
44 |
12 |
4 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All |
184 |
105 |
50 |
35 |
17 |
4 |
2 |
|
2 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.112 |
300 |
0 |
14 |
215 |
40 |
14 |
53 |
303 |
40 |
115 |
95 |
Dics |
148 |
86 |
48 |
13 |
3 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D+R |
131 |
88 |
49 |
21 |
8 |
2 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All |
88 |
80 |
57 |
37 |
19 |
12 |
5 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Uranium fission neutrons (UTR-Air), E(ave)=0.101 MeV |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
UTR-KINKI (1W reactor), Atomic Energy Institute, Kinki University |
|
|
UTR-Air: (No additional filter), Gamma contamination=46.7 % |
|
|
Materials: Human peripheral blood lymphocytes (whole blood irradiation) |
|
|
Experiment #2; 1989.11.17 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dose |
No. of |
Aberrations |
Distribution of cells with indicated number of aberrations |
|
|
(Gy) |
cells |
Tet |
Tri |
Dic |
Rc |
Ra |
aM |
F |
del |
S |
del |
Aber |
0 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
12 |
13 |
14 |
15 |
|
|
0.196 |
214 |
|
|
19 |
5 |
2 |
5 |
22 |
2 |
6 |
5 |
Dics |
199 |
13 |
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D+R |
195 |
15 |
3 |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All |
189 |
17 |
7 |
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.391 |
221 |
|
1 |
29 |
12 |
7 |
4 |
38 |
8 |
30 |
19 |
Dics |
192 |
27 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D+R |
177 |
38 |
6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All |
161 |
41 |
17 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.782 |
205 |
|
1 |
83 |
15 |
4 |
7 |
83 |
10 |
43 |
22 |
Dics |
140 |
50 |
11 |
3 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D+R |
130 |
53 |
16 |
5 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All |
114 |
56 |
22 |
11 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.173 |
223 |
1 |
2 |
133 |
18 |
9 |
27 |
156 |
27 |
76 |
54 |
Dics |
127 |
66 |
21 |
5 |
3 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D+R |
115 |
72 |
20 |
10 |
5 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All |
82 |
66 |
39 |
22 |
6 |
7 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.564 |
222 |
|
9 |
196 |
21 |
11 |
22 |
224 |
22 |
101 |
75 |
Dics |
89 |
77 |
36 |
16 |
3 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D+R |
80 |
76 |
38 |
20 |
7 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All |
60 |
64 |
43 |
26 |
14 |
10 |
4 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
. |
|
Ref: |
Sasaki, M. S., Saigusa, S., Kimura, I., Kobayashi, T., Ikushima, T. and Kobayashi, K. (1992) Biological effectiveness of fission neutrons: Energy dependency and its implication |
|
|
|
|
for the risk assessment. In, Proc. Int. Conf. on Radiation Effects and Protection. March 18-20, 1992, Mito, Ibaraki. |
|
|
|
Sasaki, M. S., Endo, S., Ejima, Y., Saito, I., Okamura, K., Oka, Y. and Hoshi, M. (2006) Effective dose fo A-bomb radiation in Hirohima and Nagasaki as assessed by chromosomal |
|
|
|
|
effectiveness of spectrum energy photons and neutrons. Radiat. Environ. Biophys., 45:79-91. |
|
|
|
Sasaki, M. S., Nomura, T., Ejima, Y., Utsumi, H., Endo, S., Saito, I., Itoh, T. and Hoshi, M. (2008) Experimental derivation of relative biological effectiveness of A-bomb neutrons |
|
|
|
|
in Hiroshima and Nagasaki and implication for risk assessment. Radiat. Res., 170:101-117. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
. |